We Are Counties

We Are Counties

From urban to rural, large to small, America’s 3,069 counties, parishes and boroughs keep our communities healthy, vibrant and safe, working with intergovernmental, community and private partners to deliver where it matters most: in our communities.

We Are Counties highlights the essential role counties play across every part of community life. Explore the issue areas below, follow us on social media for the latest from the campaign, get your county involved and explore our full suite of educational materials diving deep on counties.

Our Impact

Elections, Records & Services

Counties create economic vitality, safeguard elections, preserve vital records and invest in our community spaces.

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Transportation & Infrastructure

Counties build and maintain the infrastructure that keeps America moving—from roads and bridges to transit, airports and public utilities.

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Health & Human Services

Counties deliver essential health and human services that support residents at every stage of life and strengthen community well-being.

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First Responders

Counties administer justice, lead during emergencies and protect public safety.

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Stewards of Public Lands

Counties steward America’s public lands, delivering essential services that support access and safety for residents and visitors.

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WE ARE FIRST RESPONDERS

Counties administer justice, lead on emergencies and protect public safety.

We invest more than $124 billion annually in justice systems and public safety and serve as vital emergency managers and first responders.

Services include:
  • 911 call centers and emergency response
  • Law enforcement and corrections
  • Courts and judicial facilities
  • Juvenile justice and youth services
  • Disaster preparedness and recovery
  • Coroner and medical examiner services
91% of all local jails
483K first responders
Vital emergency managers

Justice & Public Safety Expenditures – 2022

Counties invest more than $124 billion annually in justice and public safety. 

483K

County first responders

Counties employ 483,000 firefighters, sheriffs, EMTs and other first responders.

91%

Local jails

Counties operate 91% of all local jails.

2000-2024 Number of Major Disaster Declarations

$182.7B

Disaster damages

In 2024 alone, the nation experienced 27 separate billion-dollar disaster events, with total damages reaching approximately $182.7 billion.

1/3

Counties facing a disaster in a year

Up to one-third of counties face a major natural disaster in a single year, requiring county leadership and investment before, during and after these devastating events

WE ARE ELECTIONS, RECORDS & SERVICES

Counties deliver for our communities—promoting economic vitality, safeguarding elections, upholding justice, preserving vital records and investing in the community spaces where we gather, learn and thrive.

Services include:
  • Public records and vital documents
  • Elections, polling places and voter services
  • Community development and workforce readiness
  • Housing and homelessness assistance
  • Libraries, arts and cultural programs
  • Parks, open space and recreation
  • Tax assessment and collection
Promoting economic vitality
Safeguarding elections
Preserving vital records

Total Registered Voters - 2024

Counties serve as the foundation for free and fair elections.

100K

polling places

Counties manage more than 100,000 polling places.

630K

Poll workings

Counties support more than 630,000 poll workers, protecting the integrity of our democracy at the local level. 

County Housing & Community Development Expenditures - 2022

$12B

Invested in county parks

Over $12 billion invested annually in county parks and recreational opportunities

$17B

Invested in housing & community development

More than $17 billion invested annually in housing and community development

WE ARE HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES

Counties care for people at every stage of life—protecting public health and delivering critical medical, behavioral and long-term care services.

We invest $130+ billion annually in community health with hospitals, public health, behavioral health and care for our most vulnerable residents.

Services include:
  • Public hospitals and clinics
  • Behavioral and mental health care
  • Indigent and safety-net healthcare
  • Nursing homes and long-term care
  • Public health and inspections
  • Substance abuse treatment
900 hospitals
1.9K health departments
532K health workers

County Expenditure in Health

Counties annually invest over $130 billion in community health systems, including behavioral health services.

900

Public Hospitals

Counties own or support over 900 public hospitals with over 532,000 hospital and healthcare workers, and operate more than 700 long-term care facilities.

1,900

Local public health departments

More than 1,900 local health departments leading on public health and community wellbeing

County role in providing mental health services by states

In 40 states plus the District of Columbia, at least one mental health facility is operated by a regional or county authority, while in 48, at least one facility accepts county or local government funds as a source of payment, and across 33 states, counties are actively engaged in delivering traditional mental health services to residents.

750

Behavioral health authorities focused on mental health

Counties operate more than 750 behavioral health authorities focused on mental health, substance abuse and individuals with disabilities. 

Populations experiencing mental illness and substance abuse

WE ARE TRANSPORTATION & INFRASTRUCTURE

Counties power essential infrastructure that connects communities, fuels local economies and keeps America moving.

We invest $146+ billion each year in roads, bridges, transit and critical public infrastructure.

Services include:
  • Roads, bridges and trails
  • Public transportation systems
  • Airports and intermodal ports
  • Solid waste and recycling
  • Water, wastewater and stormwater systems
  • Utilities such as gas and electricity
44% of roads
230,000 bridges
40% of transit agencies

Share of county-owned road miles

Counties own 44 percent of all public road miles in the United States – 1.8 million miles in total – more than any other level of government.

$32B

County investment towards highways

County governments invest over $32 billion annually towards the maintenance, operation, repair and construction of toll and non-toll highways.

38%

County-owned bridges

Counties own and maintain 38 percent of the 610,000 bridges that compose the National Bridge Inventory, and 61 percent of our nation's more than 280,000 off-system bridges.

County-supported transit agencies

Counties are involved in 40 percent of public transit systems across the nation.

34%

County-involved airports

Counties are involved in the operation of 34 percent of airports, and invest over $7 billion in air transportation for the provision, operation, construction and support of airport facilities 

$19B

County investments in mass transit

Annually, counties invest more than $19 billion in the operation, maintenance and construction of public mass transit systems, including subways, surface rails, ferries and buses.

WE ARE STEWARDS OF PUBLIC LANDS

Counties deliver essential services supporting federally managed public lands—serving residents, visitors and partners.

62% of counties—over 1,700 counties—are home to non-taxable federal lands.

Services include:
  • Emergency management
  • Search and rescue
  • Fire protection and law enforcement
  • Road and bridge maintenance
  • Environmental stewardship
  • Solid waste and recycling disposal
  • Tourism management and visitor services
300 million national park visitors
640 million acres
of non-taxable federal public land

Total PILT Entitled Land

Nearly two-thirds of counties have federally-owned lands within our jurisdictions.

Payments in Lieu of Taxes (PILT) land reflects the amount of federally owned land in a county.

640M

Acres of federal land

Across more than 1,700 counties, local governments help manage 640 million acres of federally owned public land

300M

National park vistors

National Park Service sites average more than 300 million recreation visits annually

More from NACo

Learn More About Counties

Explore NACo's full suite of resources on how county governments operate and the critical role we play in serving residents.

CM Pavers

Counties 101

Your introduction to county government. Learn how counties are on the front lines, delivering vital services for our residents.

County landscape

The County Landscape Project

Whether examining the organizational structures, financial frameworks, essential services or intergovernmental roles of counties, the project serves as a critical reference for understanding county government at its core.

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County Explorer Data

An interactive mapping tool featuring the latest available data for all 3,069 U.S. counties across 14 categories, more than 100 datasets, over 1,000 indicators and more than 10 types of county and state profiles.

Civic Engagement Resources

Find tools to tell the county story. Explore below or click here for NACo's full library of civic engagement resources.

orange - county government month

National County Government Month

Held each April, NCGM is an annual celebration of county government. NACo equips counties with template materials, social media graphics, and more resources to kick off the month of recognition.

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Achievement Awards

The Achievement Awards is a non-competitive awards program recognizing innovative county government programs. Award-winning programs are featured in NACo content and celebrated at NACo's Annual Conference.

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Counties Work Game & Curriculum

NACo, together with iCivics, has created an online game and curriculum to educate students grade levels 6-12 about the important role and functions of county government. 

Tell Your County Story
Program

Presidential Spotlight: County Storytellers

Under the leadership of NACo President J.D. Clark, NACo will explore the art and science of powerful, purposeful stories.