NACo Series: 911 and Behavioral Health
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These two briefs highlight the innovative approaches counties are employing to improve outcomes for behavioral health-related 911 calls. The first examines how counties are building coordinated call handling systems, while the second explores how counties are recruiting, training and supporting the telecommunicators who staff them. Both aim to strengthen the broader behavioral health crisis response system.
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Local government sits at the operational center of the nation’s emergency and crisis response systems. Counties in 48 states and the District of Columbia operate, fund and manage thousands of public safety answering points (PSAPs), or 911 call centers. These centers handle more than 240 million 911 calls each year, including an estimated 24 million behavioral health-related calls, with more than 100,000 telecommunicators serving as the first point of contact for people seeking help.
As behavioral health needs increasingly intersect with emergency response, counties are strengthening both how crisis calls are handled and the workforce responsible for answering them. Communities are building coordinated 911 call handling systems that connect people experiencing behavioral health crises to the most appropriate response, including amid changes to the crisis response landscape following the launch of the 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline. At the same time, counties are investing in telecommunicators through stronger career pathways, expanded training and greater attention to employee health and well-being.
This two-part series highlights these complementary efforts, offering county leaders practical strategies, case studies and examples from communities across the country. Together, the briefs illustrate how counties can strengthen the systems, partnerships and workforce that underpin an effective behavioral health crisis response.
Counties and Behavioral Health
24 million
Behavioral health related calls
PSAPs handle an estimated 24 million behavioral health related calls annually
100,000
Telecommunicators
PSAPs rely on more than 100,000 telecommunicators
68%
Report daily pre-shift and persistent stress
Sixty-eight percent of telecommunicators who report daily pre-shift and persistent stress
Building Coordinated Call Handling Systems
Boone County, Mo.
Population: 183,610
In 2024, Boone County Joint Communications and Centerstone (formerly Burrell Behavioral Health), operator of the regional 988 center, established a formal partnership to improve responses to behavioral health-related 911 calls and reduce strain on 911 telecommunicators. Together, they developed a protocol to guide telecommunicators in redirecting lower-acuity behavioral health calls to specialized crisis support instead of dispatching emergency services.
Ramsey County, Minn.
Population: 552,352
In 2022, Ramsey County launched the Appropriate Response Initiative to expand response options to behavioral health-related 911 calls and reduce reliance on the criminal justice system. The Ramsey County Emergency Communications Center partnered with the county's Social Services Department to embed social workers directly into the 911 call center, allowing most behavioral health-related calls to be resolved internally. Since May 2023, telecommunicators have transferred more than 10,200 calls to embedded social workers, with 78% resolved over the phone and only 10% requiring a traditional law enforcement response.
Henrico County, Va.
Population: 334,389
Henrico County developed a structured approach to behavioral health-related 911 call handling through local implementation of Virginia's statewide Marcus Alert System. The county integrated a four-level behavioral health triage framework into its Emergency Medical Dispatch platform, allowing calls to be classified by acuity and matched with the most appropriate response. From July 2024 through June 2025, the county processed 1,588 calls through the Marcus Alert framework.
Supporting Telecommunicator Health and Well-being
Anderson County, S.C.
Population: 203,718
Anderson County’s Sheriff’s Office runs Operation Jump Start, which recruits local high school seniors into 911 telecommunicator and detention deputy jobs. It partners with schools, hosts recruitment events, and arranges facility tours, then guides students 18 and older through hiring so they can start after graduation, building a local pipeline for the county’s 64-person emergency communications center.
NACo County News: Rural county program preps students for first responder careers
Lyon County, Kan.
Population: 32,179
Lyon County’s Emergency Communications Center introduced an AI assistant named “Betty” in December 2025 to handle routine non-emergency calls, which make up about 80% of volume, amid staffing shortages and a small applicant pool. After a four-month pilot, Betty now manages roughly 35% of calls, while emergency calls stay human-handled and staff monitor all AI interactions. The center reported lower workload pressure, better morale, and enough freed-up time to train two new telecommunicators, and commissioners approved redirecting funds from an unfilled position to cover Betty’s costs.
Cobb County, Ga.
Population: 766,149
Cobb County’s Department of Emergency Communications launched a workforce wellness initiative in November 2024, based on a Cobb 911 and Kennesaw State University survey of staff stress and mental health. It offers mental health resources, peer support, wellness activities, and an after-hours protocol that limits non-emergency contact and rotates on-call emergencies. It’s backed by the G.R.O.W. program and employee-led committees, and follow-up surveys show less burnout, better workplace culture, and positive retention trends.
Tell us Your County Story
Are you working to support your county behavioral health response? Do you have successful strategies other counties can learn from? Please submit your information through the following form and NACo staff will be happy to connect with you to learn more and discuss potential next steps. For technical assistance, email bhjteam@naco.org.
Additional NACo Resources
Behavioral Health and Justice Programming
NACo’s behavioral health and justice programs strengthen county leadership and foster innovation in our delivery of behavioral health crisis services and a fair and efficient justice system.
County Behavioral Health Crisis Response
Through technical assistance, national partnerships and member-driven initiatives, NACo’s County Behavioral Health Crisis Response programs equip county leaders with resources, peer learning opportunities and national initiatives that strengthen local behavioral health systems.
Public Safety Workforce Initiative
Through research, peer learning and technical assistance, NACo’s Public Safety Workforce Initiative (PSWF) helps county leaders understand and address challenges in recruitment and retention to strengthen and support the workforce that powers local public safety systems.
NACo EDGE Solutions
NACo Career Center Job Board
Good employees are crucial to getting the job done. NACo provides a method for counties to find the right people to fill staffing vacancies.
NACo High Performance Leadership Academy
The NACo High Performance Leadership Academy is an innovative, completely online 12-week program created to equip frontline county government professionals with practical leadership skills to deliver results for counties and communities.
Mental Health First Aid
Mental Health First Aid is a skills-based training administered by the National Council for Mental Wellbeing.