Provide Full Mandatory Funding for the Payments in Lieu of Taxes (PILT) Program

Action Needed

Urge your members of Congress to support mandatory full funding for the Payments in Lieu of Taxes (PILT) program. Because local governments are unable to tax the property values or products derived from federal lands, PILT payments are necessary to support essential local government services. Unless Congress acts, counties will have received their last fully funded PILT disbursement in 2025.

Without mandatory full funding, PILT will remain a discretionary program (subject to the annual appropriations process) and could fall back to pre-2008 funding levels, which would devastate local government service delivery in areas with significant federal land ownership.

Background

The PILT program was created in 1976 to offset costs incurred by counties for services provided to federal employees and families, the public and to the users of public lands. Services include education, solid waste disposal, law enforcement, search and rescue, health care, environmental compliance, firefighting, parks and recreation and other important community services.

Annual PILT funding levels remained static for many years. For nearly two decades, counties watched the value of their PILT receipts drop due to inflation. In 1995, NACo was successful in securing an amendment to the PILT formula, (P.L. 103-397), which adjusted annual authorization levels for inflation.

As part of the Continuing Resolution (CR) that passed on March 14, 2025, PILT is funded at FY 2024 levels for FY 2025. The FY 2024 and the FY 2023 Omnibus appropriations package ensured full, mandatory funding for PILT to over 1,900 counties nationwide. PILT was fully funded in Fiscal Year (FY) 2023 at $578.8 million. PILT was fully funded in FY 2022 at $549.4 million. In FY 2021, public lands counties received $529.7 million from PILT. The program was funded at$514.7 million in FYs 2019 and 2020. The FY 2018 Omnibus appropriations package, signed into law on March 23, 2018, funded PILT at $552.8 million. The Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2017 also fully funded PILT at $465 million for FY 2017.

As part of the Continuing Resolution (CR) that passed on March 14, 2025, PILT is funded at FY 2024 levels for FY 2025. The FY 2024 and the FY 2023 Omnibus appropriations package ensured full, mandatory funding for PILT to over 1,900 counties nationwide. PILT was fully funded in Fiscal Year (FY) 2023 at $578.8 million. PILT was fully funded in FY 2022 at $549.4 million. In FY 2021, public lands counties received $529.7 million from PILT. The program was funded at$514.7 million in FYs 2019 and 2020. The FY 2018 Omnibus appropriations package, signed into law on March 23, 2018, funded PILT at $552.8 million. The Consolidated Appropriations Act of 2017 also fully funded PILT at $465 million for FY 2017.

Key Talking Points

• The PILT program provides payments to counties and other local governments to offset forgone tax revenues due to the presence of substantial federal land acreage within their jurisdictions.
• Because local governments are unable to tax the property values or products derived from federal lands, PILT payments are necessary to support essential local government services (mandated by law) such as education, emergency services, transportation infrastructure, law enforcement and health care in over 1,900 counties in 49 states, the District of Columbia, Guam, Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands.
• Without predictable mandatory funding, PILT will remain a discretionary program subject to the annual appropriations process. Counties urge the administration and members of Congress to support long- term, predictable full funding for PILT.
• While the Senate and House continue to discuss long-term legislative solutions for funding the PILT program, NACo will continue to urge leadership in both chambers and on both sides of the aisle to work together to fully fund the program.
• Urge your members of Congress to support and cosponsor the Permanently Authorizing PILT Act (H.R. 5929) sponsored by Representatives Brittany Pettersen (D-Colo.) and John Duarte (R-Calif.), or other similar legislation in the 119th Congress. H.R. 5929 or comparable legislation would permanently fund the PILT program, giving local governments a reliable funding stream to support critical local infrastructure and services.