On May 10, the U.S. Department of Treasury (Treasury) released an interim final rule, FAQs and a fact sheet for a significant portion of the $362 billion Coronavirus State and Local Fiscal Recovery Fund, established under the American Rescue Plan Act (ARP) signed into law on March 11 by President Biden.

This specific interim rule and related guidance covers the $65.1 billion in direct federal aid to America’s counties. Later this year, Treasury will release separate guidance for the $1.5 billion in additional federal aid for public lands counties under Sec. 605 of ARP.

This analysis provides an in-depth overview of the key provisions within the interim final rule, with a specific focus on how each of these items may impact county governments. The analysis covers eligibility criteria for the use of funds, compliance and financial reporting, and key dates for county actions. This report also highlights several key differences between the ARP county aid and the previous county aid under the CARES Act’s Coronavirus Relief Fund (CRF), especially related to payroll support for public health, public safety and other related staff.

Key Dates

• NOW: Treasury portal is now open for counties to register and request Recovery Funds
• JULY 16, 2021: Deadline to submit comments on U.S. Treasury’s Interim Final Rule
• AUGUST 31, 2021: Deadline for counties to submit first Interim Report to U.S. Treasury
• OCTOBER 31, 2021: Deadline for counties to submit first Quarterly Project and Expenditure Report
• DECEMBER 31, 2024: Funds must be incurred and obligated
• DECEMBER 31, 2026: Funds must be expended to cover obligations and all work must be completed

1. THE FISCAL RECOVERY FUND WAS ESTBALISHED TO HELP TURN THE TIDE ON THE PANDEMIC, ADDRESS ITS ECONOMIC FALLOUT AND LAY THE FOUNDATION FOR A STRONG AND EQUITABLE RECOVERY.

There are five primary ways – outside of the “lost revenue allowance” – that counties may invest Funds:

• Support public health response: Fund COVID-19 mitigation efforts, medical expenses, behavioral health care and certain county public health, public safety, human services and other related staff
• Address negative economic impacts: Respond to economic harms to workers, families, small businesses, impacted industries and rehiring of public sector workers (including county staff)
• Replace public sector revenue loss: Use funds to provide government services to the extent of the reduction in revenue experienced during the pandemic – this provision allows a much broader use of Funds
• Premium pay for essential workers: Offer additional compensation, up to $13 per hour in additional wages, to those – both county employees and other workers in the community – who have faced and continue to face the greatest health risks due to their service. Counties should prioritize low- and moderate-income persons, with additional written justification needed for workers above 150 percent of the residing state’s average annual wage for all occupations or their residing county’s average annual wage, whichever is higher. Funds can be used retroactively back to January 27, 2020
• Water, sewer and broadband infrastructure: Make necessary investments to improve access to clean drinking water, invest in wastewater and stormwater infrastructure and provide unserved or underserved locations with new or expanded broadband access

2. FUNDS MAY COVER COSTS FROM MARCH 3, 2021 THROUGH DECEMBER 24, 2024

The covered period begins March 3, 2021 and ends on December 31, 2024, a few important distinctions and exceptions to the covered period:

• Funds must be INCURRED (i.e. obligated) by December 31, 2024
• Funds must be EXPENDED with all WORK PERFORMED and COMPLETED by December 31, 2026
• Counties may provide premium pay retroactively, dating back to the start of the public health emergency on January 27, 2020

3. BROAD FLEXIBILITY TO HELP THOSE DISPROPORTIONATELY IMPACTED BY THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

The Interim Rule states under its first eligible use category – responding to public health needs and negative economic impacts from the pandemic – that funds must respond to “the disease itself or the harmful consequences of the economic disruptions resulting from or exacerbated by the COVID-19 public health emergency.”

• Whether it be public health expenses or economic investments, counties have broad flexibility if the county can demonstrate that these activities support the public health response or that recipients of the Recovery Funds have experienced economic harm from the pandemic
• Additionally, the Interim Rule provides even greater flexibility for Qualified Census Tracts (QCTs) and other communities, households and businesses disproportionately impacted by the pandemic

4. UNDERSTAND THE IMPORTANT DIFFERENCES BETWEEN CARES ACT CORONAVIRUS RELIEF FUND (CRF) AND ARP FISCAL RECOVERY FUND, ESPECIALLY FOR COUNTY EMPLOYEE PAYROLL SUPPORT

Eligible expenses under the CRF are also eligible under the Recovery Fund, with two major exceptions:

New, more restrictive allowance with county payroll support for public health and public safety employees (See page 13 of this analysis for more information). The CARES Act CRF allows a much broader allowance for county employee payroll support. More narrowly defined, ARP Recovery Funds may be used for “payroll and covered benefits expenses for public safety, public health, health care, human services, and similar employees, to the extend that their services are devoted to mitigating or responding to COVID-19.” Counties may consider public health/safety employees to be entirely devoted to mitigating/responding to COVID-19, and are fully recovered, if the employee, or his/her operating unit or division, is primarily dedicated to responding to the COVID-19 public health emergency

Expenses related to issuing tax-anticipation notes are not an eligible expense

5. USE OF RECOUPED “LOST REVENUE” IS MORE FLEXIBLE THAN OTHER RECOVERY FUND ELIGIBILITY

Counties may use Fiscal Recovery Funds for the provision of “government services” to the extent of the reduction in revenue experienced due to the COVID-19 public health emergency. The term “government services” outlines very broad and flexible uses of revenue recoupment funds outside the standard eligibility requirements outlined in other categories (Public Health Response, Negative Economic Impacts, Premium Pay and Water, Sewer and Broadband Infrastructure) of the Interim Rule. For example, while general infrastructure and economic development investments are not generally eligible under the Fund, counties may use an amount up to their “lost revenue” amount for these activities. However, lost revenue recoupment shall not be used for rainy day or reserve funds, or debt service payments

6. RECOVERY FUNDS MAY NOT BE USED AS NON-FEDERAL MATCH, UNLESS SPECIFICALLY AUTHORIZED

Recovery Funds shall not be used as the local match for other federal programs (i.e. Medicaid, EDA, EPA Drinking Water and Clear Water State Revolving Funds), unless specifically allowed by the underlying/source federal program. It is important to note that counties may use their Funds to match other state and local government allocations of Treasury ARP Recovery Funds, if used within the county

Under a February 3, 2021 presidential directive, FEMA is authorized to provide 100 percent federal funding for the cost of COVID-related activities previously determined as eligible, from the beginning of the pandemic (January 27, 2020) to September 30, 2021. In addition, the directive allows FEMA to expand activities eligible for reimbursement from January 21, 2021 until September 30, 2021. Specifically, costs to support the safe opening and operation of eligible schools, child care facilities, health care facilities, non-congregate shelters, domestic violence shelters, and transit systems are now eligible

7. COUNTIES MAY USE RECOVERY FUNDS FOR ROUTINE PENSION COSTS OF EMPLOYEES

Recovery Funds cannot be used for deposits into defined benefit pension funds. HOWEVER, Treasury defines a “deposit” as an extraordinary contribution to a defined benefit pension fund for the purpose of reducing an accrued, unfunded liability. Counties may use funds for routine payroll contributions to pensions of employees whose wages and salaries are an eligible use

8. RE-HIRING LOCAL GOVERNMENT STAFF TO PRE-PANDEMIC LEVELS

The Interim Final Rule permits the rehiring of public sector staff, including county employees, up to the pre-pandemic staffing level, which is measured based on employment as of January 27, 2020. Furthermore, counties may use Recovery Funds toward payroll, covered benefits, and other costs associated with rehiring public sector staff

9. COUNTIES MAY USE RECOVERY FUNDS TO INVEST IN CERTAIN CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE PROJECTS

The Interim Rule specifically states that Recovery Funds may support necessary investments in drinking water, waste and stormwater, and high-quality broadband services

• For water, stormwater and sewer investments, the Interim Rule aligns eligible projects with the Environment Protection Agency’s (EPA) Clean Water State Revolving Fund and Drinking Water State Revolving Fund
• For broadband investments, eligible projects are intended to provide services that meet at least 100 megabits per second upload and download, wherever practicable
• General economic development and infrastructure projects, such as road construction or bridge repair, unrelated to COVID-19 are not an eligible expense, unless funded through a county’s “lost revenue” replacement allowance

1. SUPPORT PUBLIC HEALTH RESPONSE

INTERIM FINAL RULE: REFERENCES P. 12-23 | RULE DEFINITIONS P. 138-140

The Interim Final Rule outlines that the Fiscal Recovery Fund provides resources to “meet and address these emergent public health needs, including through measures to counter the spread of COVID-19, through the provision of care for those impacted by the virus, and through programs or services that address disparities in public health that have been exacerbated by the pandemic."

Among the potential uses of funds, the interim rule outlines:

PREVENT AND MITIGATE COVID-19

Funding a broad range of services and programming for prevention and response to COVID-19, such as:

• Vaccination programs, including staffing, equipment, supplies, facilities and administrative expenses
• Testing, monitoring and contact tracing
• Supporting isolation and quarantine
• Paid sick and paid family and medical leave to public employees related to COVID-19 compliance
• Public health surveillance and data system enhancement
  • Case monitoring
  • Vaccination uptake tracking
• Enforcing public health orders
• Emergency medical response expenses, including emergency medical transportation related to COVID-19
• Communication efforts related to COVID-19 vaccination programs and public health orders
• Purchase PPE and disinfection of public areas and other facilities
• Prevention and mitigation in congregate living facilities, such as:
  • Nursing homes and skilled nursing facilities
  • Jails and incarceration settings
  • Group living facilities including residential foster care and behavioral health treatment facilities
  • Other key settings like homeless shelters and schools
• Ventilation improvements in congregate settings, public health facilities or other public facilities
• Capital investments or adaptations to public facilities such as hospitals or health clinics

COVID-19 TREATMENT AND MEDICAL SERVICES

Funding to enhance health care capacity to treat and provide care and services for near and long-term medical needs for COVID-19 patients as well as genomic surveillance for COVID-19 variants. This also includes treatment expenses of the long-term symptoms or effects of COVID-19, including post-intensive care syndrome

ENHANCE BEHAVIORAL AND MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES

Funding new or enhanced services that meet behavioral health needs exacerbated by the pandemic, as well as related public health needs, such as:

• Mental health treatment
• Substance misuse treatment
• Hotlines and/or warmlines
• Crisis intervention services
• Overdose prevention
• Infectious disease prevention
• Behavioral/physical health primary care services

SUPPORT LOCAL HEALTH AND SAFETY WORKFORCE

Funding payroll and covered benefit expenses for the following segments of county workers who, primarily or partially work regularly to mitigate or respond to the COVID-19 emergency:

• Public safety
• Public health
• Health care
• Human services
• Other similar employees

IMPROVING THE DESIGN AND EXECUTION OF HEALTH AND PUBLIC HEALTH PROGRAMS

Funding efforts to improve programs addressing the COVID-19 public health emergency through planning and analysis, which includes, but is not limited to:

• Targeted consumer outreach
• Improvements to data or technology infrastructure
• Impact evaluation
• Data analysis

ADDRESS DISPARITIES IN PUBLIC HEALTH OUTCOMES

In recognition of the disproportionate impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on health outcomes in low-income and Native American communities and the importance of mitigating these effects, the Interim Final Rule identifies a broader range of services and programs that will be presumed to be responding to the public health emergency when provided in these communities. Specifically, Treasury will presume that certain types of services are eligible uses when provided in a Qualified Census Tract (QCT), to families and populations living in a QCT, or other households, businesses or populations disproportionately impacted by the COVID-19 public health emergency

• These services include:
  • Community health workers who will help residents access health services and resources that address the social determinants of health
  • Public benefits navigators that help residents navigate and apply for federal, state and local public benefits or services
  • Housing services that support healthy living environments and neighborhoods that are conducive to mental and physical wellness
  • Lead Paint remediation or remediation of other lead hazards to reduce elevated blood lead levels in children
  • Evidence-based community violence intervention programs that will prevent violence and mitigate the increase of violence during the pandemic
• This section also covers program and service activities that address:
  • Housing insecurity, lack of affordable housing or homelessness
  • Impacts of COVID-19 on education, including new or expanded learning services, assistance to high-poverty school districts, needs of students
  • Childhood health or welfare, including childcare, home visits by health professionals, parent educators and social service professionals, and services for child welfare-involved families and youth

SPECIFICALLY, TREASURY WILL PRESUME THAT CERTAIN TYPES OF SERVICES ARE ELIGIBLE USES WHEN PROVIDED IN A QUALIFIED CENSUS TRACT (QCT), TO FAMILIES AND POPULATIONS LIVING IN A QCT OR OTHER HOUSEHOLDS, BUSINESSES OR POPULATIONS DISPROPORTIONATELY IMPACTED BY THE COVID-19 PUBLIC HEALTH EMERGENCY

2. ADDRESS NEGATIVE ECONOMIC IMPACTS

INTERIM FINAL RULE: REFERENCES P. 23-44 | RULE DEFINITIONS P. 140-143

ASSISTANCE TO HOUSEHOLDS

Funds may be used to assist households or populations, preferably those most disproportionately impacted, by the negative economic impacts of the COVID-19 public health emergency, such as:

• Food assistance
• Rent, mortgage or utility assistance
• Counseling and legal aid to prevent eviction or homelessness
• Cash assistance
• Emergency assistance for burials
• Home repairs, weatherization or other needs
• Internet access or digital literacy assistance
• Job training related to a worker’s occupation or level of training impacted by COVID

SMALL BUSINESS AND NON-PROFIT SUPPORT

State, local and Tribal governments may provide assistance to small businesses to adopt safer operating procedures, weather periods of closure or mitigate financial hardship resulting from the COVID-19 public health emergency, including:

• Loans or grants to mitigate financial hardship, such as declines in revenues or impacts of periods of business closure, for example by supporting payroll and benefits costs, costs to retain employees, mortgage, rent, or utilities costs, and other operating costs
• Loans, grants, or in-kind assistance to implement COVID-19 prevention or mitigation tactics, such as physical plant changes to enable social distancing, enhanced cleaning efforts, barriers or partitions, or COVID-19 vaccination, testing, or contact tracing programs
• Technical assistance, counseling, or other services to assist with business planning needs

AID TO IMPACTED INDUSTRIES

Funds may be used to aid tourism, travel, hospitality, and other impacted industries that responds to the negative economic impacts of the COVID-19 public health emergency, such as:

• Implement COVID-19 mitigation and infection prevention measures to enable safe resumption
• Improvement to ventilation, physical barriers or partition
• Signage to facilitate social distancing
• Provision of masks or PPE
• Consultation with infection prevention professionals to develop safe reopening plans
• Activities that support safe reopening of businesses in the tourism, travel and hospitality industries and business districts that were closed during the COVID-19 public health emergency
• Planned expansion or upgrade of tourism, travel and hospitality facilities delayed due to the pandemic
• Aid may be considered responsive to the negative economic impacts of the pandemic if it supports businesses, attractions, business districts and tribal development districts operating prior to the pandemic and affected by required closure and other efforts to contain the pandemic

REHIRING STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT STAFF, INCLUDING COUNTY EMPLOYEES

The Interim Final Rule permits coverage of payroll and benefits costs of public health and safety staff primarily dedicated to COVID-19 response, as well as rehiring of public sector staff up to pre-pandemic levels as of January 27, 2020

ASSISTANCE TO UNEMPLOYED WORKERS

This includes services like:

• Job training to accelerate rehiring of unemployed workers
• Workers unemployed due to the pandemic or the resulting recession
• Workers who were already unemployed when the pandemic began and remain so due to the negative economic impacts of the pandemic
• Individuals who want and are available for work, including those who have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months or who are employed part time but who want and are available for full-time work

EXPENSES TO IMPROVE EFFICACY OF ECONOMIC RELIEF PROGRAMS

Counties may also use Fiscal Recovery Funds to improve efficacy of programs addressing negative economic impacts, including through:

• Use of data analysis
• Targeted consumer outreach
• Improvements to data or technology infrastructure
• Impact evaluations

SERVICES FOR QUALIFIED CENSUS TRACT AND OTHER DISPROPORTIONATELY IMPACTED COMMUNITIES

In addition to specific services to address health disparities in a QCT (pg. 7 of this analysis), the Interim Rule outlines additional ways Recovery Funds may be used. Funds may be used for certain services when provided in a Qualified Census Tract (QCT), to families and individuals living in QCTs, by a Tribal government, or to other households, businesses or populations disproportionately impacted by the COVID-19 public health emergency. These services include, but are not limited to, the following:

• Investments in Housing and Neighborhoods: Funds may be used to assist households or populations facing negative economic impacts due to COVID-19, such as:
  • Services to address homelessness such as supportive housing, and to improve access to stable, affordable housing among unhoused individuals
  • Affordable housing development to increase supply of affordable and high-quality living units
  • Housing vouchers, residential counseling, or housing navigation assistance to facilitate household moves to neighborhoods with high levels of economic opportunity and mobility for low-income residents, to help residents increase their economic opportunity and reduce concentrated areas of low economic opportunity

• Addressing Educational Disparities: Funds may also enhance educational supports to help mitigate impacts on students, such as:
  • New, expanded, or enhanced early learning services, including pre-kindergarten programs and Head Start
  • Assistance to high-poverty school districts to advance equitable funding across districts
  • Evidence-based educational services and practices that address the academic needs of students and/or their social, emotional and mental health
  • Services that support students’ social, emotional and mental health
• Promoting Healthy Childhood Environments: Funds may be used to mitigate increases in economic hardship, material insecurity, and parental stress and behavioral health challenges in families with children, such as:
  • New or expanded high-quality childcare
  • Home visiting programs to provide structured visits from health, parent educators, and social service professionals to pregnant women or families with young children to offer education and assistance navigating resources for economic support, health needs, or child development
  • Enhanced services for child welfare-involved families and foster youth to provide support and training on child development, positive parenting, coping skills or recovery for mental health and substance use challenges

3. PREMIUM PAY FOR ESSENTIAL WORKERS

INTERIM FINAL RULE: REFERENCES P. 23-44, 119 | RULE DEFINITIONS P. 134

Payments may be used by counties to provide premium pay to eligible workers performing essential work during the COVID-19 public health emergency or to provide grants to third-party employers within the county to compensate eligible workers for performing essential work.

Premium Pay Fiscal Recovery Funds payments may be used by recipients, including counties, to provide premium pay to eligible county workers performing essential work during the COVID-19 public health emergency or to provide grants to third-party employers within the county to compensate with eligible workers who perform essential work

DEFINING THE CONCEPT OF PREMIUM PAY AND ESSENTIAL WORKERS: To ensure that premium pay is targeted to workers that faced or face heightened risks due to the character of their work, the Interim Final Rule defines essential work as work involving regular in-person interactions or regular physical handling of items that were also handled by others. An individual who teleworked from a residence may not receive premium pay

PREMIUM PAY MAY BE PROVIDED RETROACTIVELY FOR WORK PERFORMED AT ANY TIME SINCE THE START OF THE COVID-19 public health emergency (January 27, 2020), where those workers have yet to be compensated adequately for work previously performed

WORKERS THAT ARE ELIGIBLE FOR PREMIUM PAY include:

• Any work performed by an employee of the state, local or tribal government
• Staff at nursing homes, hospitals, and home care settings
• Workers at farms, food production facilities, grocery stores, and restaurants
• Janitors and sanitation workers
• Truck drivers, transit staff and warehouse workers
• Public health and safety staff
• Childcare workers, educators and other school staff
• Social service and human services staff

PREMIUM PAY DEFINITION: Premium pay means an amount up to $13 per hour in addition to wages or remuneration the worker otherwise receives and in an aggregate amount not to exceed $25,000 per eligible worker

TREASURY URGES COUNTIES TO PRIORITIZE PREMIUM PAY LOW- AND MODERATE-INCOME PERSONS: Counties should prioritize low- and moderate-income persons, with additional written justification needed for workers above 150 percent of the residing state’s average annual wage for all occupations or their residing county’s average annual wage, whichever is higher

4. PAYROLL EXPENSES FOR PUBLIC HEALTH & PUBLIC SAFETY EMPLOYEES

INTERIM FINAL RULE: REFERENCES P. 20-21 | RULE DEFINITIONS P. 140

Covering payroll and benefits for public safety and public health employees is more restrictive than what was allowed under the CARES Act’s Coronavirus Relief Fund.

As stated in the Interim Rule, Recovery Funds may be used for payroll and covered benefits as follows:

• PAYROLL AND COVERED BENEFITS EXPENSES for county public safety, public health, health care, human services and similar employees to the extent that their services are devoted to mitigating or responding to the COVID–19 public health emergency
• Support the payroll and covered benefits for the portion of the EMPLOYEE’S TIME THAT IS DEDICATED TO RESPONDING TO THE COVID-19 PUBLIC HEALTH EMERGENCY
• FOR ADMINISTRATIVE CONVENIENCE, counties may consider public health and safety employees to be entirely devoted to mitigating or responding to the COVID-19 public health emergency, and therefore fully covered, if the employee, or his/her operating unit or division, is primarily dedicated to responding to the COVID-19 public health emergency
• Recipients may reconsider and assess the EXTENT AN EMPLOYEE, DIVISION OR OPERATING UNIT IS ENGAGED IN ACTIVITIES THAT RESPOND TO COVID-19. A recipient can provide payroll records, attestations from supervisors/staff or regular work product or correspondence demonstrating work on COVID-19 response. Counties DO NOT need to routinely track staff hours at the employee level

The table below highlights the key differences between ARP and CARES Act guidance as it relates to payroll and covered benefits for public health and public safety employees:

5. REPLACE PUBLIC SECTOR REVENUE LOSS

INTERIM FINAL RULE: REFERENCES P. 51-60, 118-119 | RULE DEFINITIONS P. 135, 143-144

Counties may use Fiscal Recovery Funds for the provision of “government services” to the extent of the reduction in revenue experienced due to the COVID-19 public health emergency.

Counties may use payments from the Fiscal Recovery Funds for the provision of “government services” to the extent of the reduction in revenue experienced due to the COVID-19 public health emergency. This means that the amount determined as “lost revenue” may be used proscriptively for most regular government purposes.

The Interim Final Rule implements these provisions by establishing a definition of “general revenue” for purposes of calculating a loss in revenue and by providing a methodology for calculating revenue lost due to the COVID-19 public health emergency.

DEFINITION OF GENERAL REVENUE

Based on Census Bureau’s definition and includes revenue from taxes, current charges, miscellaneous general revenue, and intergovernmental transfers between state and local governments (Note: definition excludes federal intergovernmental transfers to counties including CARES Act funding)

• Excludes other correction transactions proceeds from issuance of debt or the sale of investments, agency or private trust transactions and revenue generated by utilities, intergovernmental transfers from the federal government (federal transfers made to a state/locality)

DEFINITION OF GOVERNMENT SERVICES

Government Services included, but are not limited to:

• Maintenance or pay-go pay-go funded building of infrastructure, including roads
• Modernization of cybersecurity, including hardware, software, and protection of critical infrastructure
• Health services
• Environmental remediation
• School or educational services
• Provision of police, fire, and other public safety services

REQUIREMENTS WHEN CALCULATING REVENUE LOSS

When calculating revenue loss, a county must adhere to the following guidelines:

• Recipients should calculate revenue on an entity-wide basis (i.e. county government-wide basis)
• Recipients cannot use pre-pandemic projections as a basis to estimate the reduction in revenue
• Recipients should (i.e. may) calculate the extent of the reduction in revenue as of four points in time:
  • December 31, 2020
  • December 31, 2021
  • December 31, 2022, and
  • December 31, 2023

STEPS FOR CALCULATING LOST REVENUE

1. Identify revenues collected in the most recent full fiscal year prior to the public health emergency (i.e. January 27, 2020), called the base year revenue. In calculating revenue, recipients should sum across all revenue streams covered as general revenue
2. Estimated counterfactual revenue, which is equal to base year revenue:
   [(1 + growth adjustment)^(n/12)], where n is the number of months elapsed since the end of the base year to the calculation date, and growth adjustment is the greater of 4.1 percent and the recipient’s average annual revenue growth in the three full fiscal years prior to the COVID-19 public health emergency
3. Identify actual revenue, which equals revenues collected over the past 12 months of the calculation date
4. The extent of the reduction in revenue is equal to counterfactual revenue less than actual revenue. If actual revenue exceeds counterfactual revenue, the extent of the reduction in revenue is set to zero for that calculation date

6. WATER & SEWER INFRASTRUCTURE

INTERIM FINAL RULE: REFERENCES P. 62-68 | RULE DEFINITIONS P. 144

To assist in meeting the critical need for investments and improvements to existing infrastructure in water and sewer, counties can invest Fiscal Recovery Funds in these sectors. The Interim Final Rule outlines eligible uses within each category, allowing for a broad range of necessary investments in projects that improve access to clean drinking water, improve wastewater and stormwater infrastructure systems.

To assist in meeting the critical need for investments and improvements to existing infrastructure in water and sewer, counties can invest Fiscal Recovery Funds in these sectors. The Interim Final Rule outlines eligible uses within each category, allowing for a broad range of necessary investments in projects that improve access to clean drinking water, improve wastewater and stormwater infrastructure systems.

The Interim Final Rule does this by aligning eligible uses of the Fiscal Recovery Funds with the wide range of types or categories of projects that would be eligible to receive financial assistance through the Environment Protection Agency’s (EPA) Clean Water State Revolving Fund and Drinking Water State Revolving Fund

CLEAN WATER (SRF) PROJECTS

The CWSRF provides financial assistance for a wide range of water infrastructure projects to improve water quality and address water pollution in a way that enables each state to address and prioritize the needs of their populations.

The types of projects eligible for Clean Water SRF assistance include:

• Projects to construct, improve and repair wastewater treatment plants
• Control non-point sources of pollution
• Improve resilience of infrastructure to severe weather events
• Create green infrastructure
• Protect waterbodies from pollution

Under the Clean Water SRF, each of the 51 State programs normally have the flexibility to direct funding to their particular environmental needs, and each state may also have its own statutes, rules and regulations that guide project eligibility

DRINKING WATER (SRF) PROJECTS

The primary use of DWSRF funds is to assist communities in making water infrastructure capital improvements, including the installation and replacement of failing treatment and distribution systems. In administering these programs, States must give priority to projects that:

• Ensure compliance with applicable health and environmental safety requirements
• Address the most serious risks to human health
• Assist systems most in need on a per household basis according to State affordability criteria.

OTHER ELIGIBLE USES OF RECOVERY FUNDS

Include projects related to:

• Stormwater runoff
• Water pollution
• Flood control
• Green infrastructure that support stormwater resiliency, including rain gardens and green streets

7. BROADBAND INFRASTRUCTURE

INTERIM FINAL RULE: REFERENCES P. 69-77 | RULE DEFINITIONS P. 145

Recognizing the need for such connectivity, the ARPA provides funds to state, territorial, local, and Tribal governments to make necessary investments in broadband infrastructure.

The COVID-19 public health emergency has underscored the importance of universally available, high-speed, reliable and affordable broadband coverage as millions of Americans rely on the internet to participate in, among critical activities, remote school, healthcare and work. Recognizing the need for such connectivity, the ARPA provides funds to state, territorial, local and tribal governments to make necessary investments in broadband infrastructure.

Additional guidance and requirements around use of Recovery Funds for broadband infrastructure are as follows:

• Unserved and underserved households: Funds may be used to make necessary investments in broadband infrastructure aimed at “unserved or underserved” communities. Treasury defines unserved and underserved at speeds below 25 Mbps download and 3 Mbps upload
• Eligible projects are expected to meet or exceed symmetrical upload and download speeds of 100 Mbps. However, in instances where required speeds cannot be achieved (due of the geography, topography, or excessive costs), the affected project would be expected to meet or exceed 100 Mbps download with a minimum of 20 Mbps upload with scalability to a symmetrical minimum of 100 Mbps
• U.S. Treasury used the Federal Communication Commission’s (FCC) Broadband Speed Guide to determine appropriate speed requirements for all eligible projects

8. INELIGIBLE EXPENSES

INTERIM FINAL RULE: REFERENCES P. 69-77, 81-95 | RULE DEFINITIONS P.134

The Interim Final Rule outlines identifies several ineligible uses of Recovery Funds, including:

PENSION FUNDS

Funds shall not be used for “extraordinary” deposits into defined pension funds

• HOWEVER, Treasury defines a “deposit” as an extraordinary contribution to a pension fund for the purpose of reducing an accrued, unfunded liability. Recipients may use funds for routine payroll contributions to pensions of employees whose wages and salaries are an eligible use

NET REDUCTION IN TAX REVENUE (LIMITED TO STATES AND TERRITORIES)

If a state or territory has a reduction in net tax revenue, they must demonstrate how they paid for the tax cuts from a source(s) other than the Recovery Fund

OTHER RESTRICTIONS

Include the following:

• Using funds for non-federal match when barred by another federal regulation or statute, including EPA’s Clean Water SRF, Drinking Water SRF, Economic Development Administration or Medicaid
  • See note on page 4 related to presidential order on FEMA’s state and local cost-share waiver
• Funding debt service, including costs associated with tax anticipation notes (TANs) or issuing short-term revenue
• Legal settlement or judgements
• Deposits to rainy day funds or financial reserves
• General infrastructure spending outside of water, sewer and broadband investments or above the amount allocated under revenue loss provision
• General economic development or workforce development activities, unless they directly address negative economic impacts of the public health emergency

9. REPORTING REQUIREMENTS

INTERIM FINAL RULE: REFERENCES P. 69-77 | RULE DEFINITIONS P. 137

Recipients are required to submit an Interim Report, Quarterly Project and Expenditure Reports, and Annual Recovery Plan Performance Reports as specified below, regarding their utilization of Coronavirus State and Local Fiscal Recovery Funds.

INTERIM REPORTS

Counties are required to submit one interim report, which will include the county’s expenditures by category at the summary level

• The Interim Report will cover spending from the date the county receives Funds to July 31, 2021
• The Interim report is due by August 31, 2021
• This report will be similar to that of the CARES Act Coronavirus Relief Fund
• Treasury will release additional guidance on this report in the coming weeks

​QUARTERLY PROJECT AND EXPENDITURE REPORTS

Counties are required to submit quarterly project and expenditure reports, including financial data, information on contracts and subawards over $50,000 and other information regarding utilization of funds

1. These reports will be similar to CARES Act Coronavirus Relief Fund
2. First report will cover spending from the date the county receives Funds to September 30, 2021
3. First report is due by October 31, 2021

RECOVERY PLAN PERFORMANCE REPORTS

Counties above 250,000 population are required to submit an annual recovery plan performance report, including descriptions of projects funded and information on performance indicators and objectives of each award

• Initial recovery plan will cover activity from the date the county receives Recovery Funds to July 31, 2021
• Local governments (including counties) with less than 250,000 residents are not required to develop a Recovery Plan Performance Report
• Recovery performance plan is due by August 31, 2021 for counties above 250,000 population

10. KEY DEFINITIONS

INTERIM FINAL RULE: RULE DEFINITIONS P. 130-151

Treasury provides a list of definitions in the Interim Final Rule, which helps counties understand eligible uses of Recovery Funds.

COUNTY: County, parish or other equivalent county division (i.e. Borough in Alaska)

COVERED BENEFITS: The costs of all types of leave (vacation, family-related, sick, military, bereavement, sabbatical, jury duty), employee insurance (health, life, dental, vision), retirement (pensions, 401(k)), unemployment benefit plans (federal and state), workers’ compensation insurance, and Federal Insurance Contributions Act taxes (which includes Social Security and Medicare taxes). (NOTE: This is an important definition linked to the exemption for pensions related to county payroll support for their employees)

COVERED PERIOD: Begins on March 3, 2021 and ends on December 31, 2024. Counties must adhere to the parameters of the covered period just as States and territorial governments. However, there are exceptions to the covered period:

• Funds must be INCURRED (i.e. obligated) by December 31, 2024
• Funds must be EXPENDED with all WORK PERFORMED and COMPLETED by December 31, 2026
• Counties may provide premium pay retroactively, dating back to the start of the public health emergency on January 27, 2020

DEPOSIT: Extraordinary payment of an accrued, unfunded liability. The term deposit does not refer to routine contributions made by an employer to pension funds as part of the employer’s obligations related to payroll, such as either a pension contribution consisting of a normal cost component related to current employees or a component addressing the amortization of unfunded liabilities calculated by reference to the employer’s payroll costs

ELIGIBLE EMPLOYER: An employer of an eligible worker who performs essential work

ELIGIBLE WORKER: Workers needed to maintain continuity of operations of essential critical infrastructure sectors, including health care; emergency response; sanitation, disinfection, and cleaning work; maintenance work; grocery stores, restaurants, food production, and food delivery; pharmacy; biomedical research; behavioral health work; medical testing and diagnostics; home- and community-based health care or assistance with activities of daily living; family or child care; social services work; public health work; vital services to Tribes; any work performed by an employee of a State, local, or Tribal government; educational work, school nutrition work, and other work required to operate a school facility; laundry work; elections work; solid waste or hazardous materials management, response, and cleanup work; work requiring physical interaction with patients; dental care work; transportation and warehousing; work at hotel and commercial lodging facilities that are used for COVID-19 mitigation and containment; work in a mortuary; work in critical clinical research, development, and testing necessary for COVID-19 response

• With respect to a county recipient, workers in any additional sectors as each chief executive officer of such recipient (i.e. county government) may designate as critical to protect the health and well-being of the residents of their county

ESSENTIAL WORK: Work that is not performed while teleworking from a residence and involves regular in-person interactions with patients, the public or coworkers of the individual that is performing the work OR regular physical handling of items that were handled by, or are to be handled by patients, the public, or coworkers of the individual that is performing the work

GENERAL REVENUE: Money that is received from tax revenue, current charges, and miscellaneous general revenue, excluding refunds and other correcting transactions, proceeds from issuance of debt or the sale of investments, agency or private trust transactions, and intergovernmental transfers from the federal government, including transfers made pursuant to section 9901 of the American Rescue Plan Act. General revenue does not include revenues from utilities. Revenue from Tribal business enterprises must be included in general revenue

NON-PROFIT: Non-profit organization that is exempt from Federal income taxation and that is described in section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code

PREMIUM PAY: An amount of up to $13 per hour that is paid to an eligible worker, in addition to wages or remuneration the eligible worker otherwise receives, for all work performed by the eligible worker during the COVID-19 public health emergency (i.e. since January 27, 2020). Such amount may not exceed $25,000 with respect to any single eligible worker. Premium pay will be considered to be in addition to wages or remuneration the eligible worker otherwise receives if, as measured on an hourly rate, the premium pay is:

1. With regard to work that the eligible worker previously performed, pay and remuneration equal to the sum of all wages and remuneration previously received plus up to $13 per hour with no reduction, substitution, offset or other diminishment of the eligible worker’s previous, current or prospective wages or remuneration, or
2. With regard to work that the eligible worker continues to perform, pay of up to $13 that is in addition to the eligible worker’s regular rate of wages or remuneration, with no reduction, substitution, offset or other diminishment of the workers’ current and prospective wages or remuneration

SMALL BUSINESS: A business concern or other organization that: (1) Has no more than 500 employees, or if applicable, the size standard in number of employees established by the Administrator of the Small Business Administration for the industry in which the business concern or organization operates, and (2) Is a small business concern as defined in section 3 of the Small Business Act (15 U.S.C. 632)

PENSION FUND: Defined benefit plan and does not include a defined contribution plan

RECIPIENT: A state, territory, tribal government, metropolitan city, nonentitlement unit of local government, county, or unite of general local government that receives a payment made under section 602(b) of the Social Security Act or transfer pursuant to section 603(c)(4) of the Social Security Act

REPORTING YEAR: The interim final rule defines ‘‘reporting year’’ as a single year within the covered period, aligned to the current fiscal year of the recipient government during the covered period, for which a recipient government reports the value of covered changes and any sources of offsetting revenue increases (‘‘in-year’’ value), regardless of when those changes were enacted. For the fiscal years ending in 2021 or 2025 (partial years), the term ‘‘reporting year’’ refers to the portion of the year falling within the covered period. For example, the reporting year for a fiscal year beginning July 2020 and ending June 2021 would be from March 3, 2021 to July 2021

UNSERVED AND UNDERSERVED HOUSEHOLD OR BUSINESS: One or more households or businesses that are not currently served by a wireline connection that reliably delivers at least 25 Mbps download speed and 3 Mbps of upload speed